"Tulips" were pits dug in the ground. They were one yard wide at the top and one yard deep. They were dug in lines which were offset from each other so as not to provide a pathway through the field by an attacker. Planted in the center of the "tulip" was a sharpened stake, usually smeared with some poisoned or infected substance, in order to activate any wound sustained, into gangrene. These were anti-personnel field fortifications. The eight holes that you see in one half of the picture are uncovered. The other half of the picture has eight holes covered with light brush.
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